You might, for instance, have a tendency to micromanage or, conversely, you may prefer to take a more handsoff approach. Hellothis presentation will focus on the theory x and theory yworklets get tobut first. My boss asks me politely to do things, gives me reasons why, and invites my suggestions. Consider effort at work as just like rest or play ordinary people who do not dislike work. Theory x individuals believe people are untrustworthy, generally try to avoid work. Both of these theories begin with the premise that managements role is to assemble the factors of production, including people. Ppt theory x and y powerpoint presentation free to. Theory x and theory y was an idea devised by douglas mcgregor see article in his 1960 book the human side of enterprise. Differences between theory x and theory y difference between. Difference between theory x and theory y with comparison. This lesson goes over these additional learning goals. Given the drawbacks of theoryx, mcgregor developed an alternative theory of human behavior called theoryy. Theory y is based on laissezfaire leaderships due to the characteristics of employees.
Designmethodologyapproach an empirical study was conducted through. Theory x management style generally get poor results compare with managers use theory y, which produces better performance and results, and allows people to grow and develop. The idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by douglas mcgregor, a management professor at the massachusetts institute of technology during the 1950s and 1960s. Xy theory questionnaire score the statements 5 always, 4 mostly, 3 often, 2 occasionally, 1 rarely, 0 never to indicate whether the situation and management style is x or y. In his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, mcgregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee. As you would expect, theory y sees motivation in the opposite manner of theory x. The average man is by nature, lazy he works as little as possible. Theory x and theory y framework proposed by mcgregor in his classic book the human side of enterprise 1960 consists of two alternative set of assumptions. Mar 21, 20 theory x and theory y framework proposed by mcgregor in his classic book the human side of enterprise 1960 consists of two alternative set of assumptions.
Theory x is often said to describe a traditional view of direction and control. The theory x and theory y are the theories of motivation given by douglas mcgregor in 1960s. Theory x says that the average human being is lazy and self. In his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation. Both of these theories begin with the premise that managements role is to. Employees can view work as being as natural as rest or play. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. He is best known for his development of the theory x and theory y, a leadership theory on two different leadership styles biography douglas mcgregor. It is important to note that both theory x and theory y are based on the argument that there are specific approaches to managing people based on their traits.
Essentially theory x and theory y describe two opposing views of people at work that will influence management style. In his 1960 management book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor made his mark on the history of organizational management when he proposed the two motivational theories by which managers perceive employee motivation. You may, however, find that you naturally favor one over the other. Theory x and theory y are theories of human motivation. Managers can be said to follow either view of their workforce. Theory x and theory y in 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees. According to theory x, there is complete centralization of authority, in the organisation, i. Theory x and theory y theory x no responsability, no initiative passive work attitude strong rules and control confirms following leads to leads to v icious circle of theory x theory y no responsability, no initiative passive work attitude strong rules and control strenghten following allow leads to strenghten effect of.
Mcgregors theory x and theory y by farhan patel on prezi. Theory x and theory y mcgregors theory x and theory y. Theory y implies a more self directed workforce that takes an interest in the goals. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit. According to theory x, power and authority should be centralized while at the same time having a hierarchy or chain of command upon which instructions flow whereas. Mcgregors theory x and theory y theory of motivation. Theory y is a positive perspective which assumes workers enjoy work, selfmotivation, responsible and apply selfdiscipline dj ware, 2011.
Mcgregors theory x, y and ouchis z motivation self. Aug 11, 2014 douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y. Theory x and theory y is a concept that divides people into two groups based on their assumptions about others. Mcgregors xy theory is a natural rule for managing people. His work is based upon maslows hierarchy of needs, where he grouped the hierarchy into lowerorder needs theory x and higherorder needs theory y. View and download powerpoint presentations on mcgregor x and y theory ppt. After reading you will understand the background and the practical basics of these leadership styles what is theory x and theory y. In 1960, douglas mcgregor developed a leadership theory mcgregor theory x and theory y about organization and management in which he represented two opposing perceptions. Mcgregors work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of abraham maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs. Douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous xy theory in his 1960 book the human side of enterprise. His work is based upon maslows hierarchy of needs, where he grouped the hiera. Expectancy theory applied in apple inc business essay. Mcgregors theory x and y douglas mcgregor wrote the book the human side of enterprise in 1960 he.
Douglas mcgregor 1906 1964 is one of the forefathers of management theory and one of the top business thinkers. Organizational communication channel 114,558 views. The management implications for theory x workers were that, to achieve organisational objectives, a business would need to impose a management system of coercion, control and punishment. Nov 30, 2016 douglas mcgregor 1906 1964 was a famous management professor in the field of personal development and motivational theory. In 1960, he wrote the book \u201cthe human side of enterprise\u201d, where he identifies and develops his enowned theory x and theory y. Theory x is characterised by tight external control on the employees, whereas theory y features leniency in control. Theory x and y were created and developed by douglas mcgregor at the mit sloan school of management in the 1960s 2. Add subtitletheory x relies on an authoritarian leadership due to workers lack of ambition, avoidance of responsibility, and dislike of work. Mcgregor developed a philosophical view of humankind with his theory x and theory y in 1960. Coming to theory ytype organizations, appraisal is also regular and crucial, but is usually a separate mechanism from organizational controls.
This article describes the theory x and theory y of douglas mcgregor. Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, mcgregors xy theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management. Explain the implications of theory x, theory y, and theory z for employee management mcgregors theory x and theory y the idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by douglas mcgregor, a management professor at the massachusetts institute of technology during the 1950s and 1960s. Douglas mcgregor 1906 1964 was a famous management professor in the field of personal development and motivational theory. This theory states that human behaviour is affected by three needs need for power, achievement and affiliation. Motivation theory x and theory y free management books. Mcgregors theoryx and theoryy what is human resource. The purpose of this paper is to apply mcgregors theory x and theory y to study teacher motivation in higher education. The idea behind using letters x and y, perhaps seems to be using a neutral terminology, which does not convey any sense of badness or goodness associated with these theories. Theory x assumes that employees are unmotivated, lazy, hate working, and must be supervised constantly throughout the day for work to get done. In 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of. Theory y put forward the idea that management by objectives and involving workers in the decisionmaking process would lead to the creation of a satisfied and more productive workforce.
Douglas mcgregor, through his wellknown theory x and theory y, drew a distinction between the assumptions about human motivation which underlie these. In actual practice, most managers today practice a combination of theory x and theory y styles of management. These theories are based on the premise that management has to assemble all the factors of production, including human beings, to get the work done. He avoided descriptive labels and simply called the theories theory x and theory y. Theory x and theory y also have implications in military command and control c2. May 12, 2014 theory x and theory y is a concept that divides people into two groups based on their assumptions about others. It describes two contrasting sets of assumptions that managers. According to mcgregor, the perception of managers on. Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, mcgregors x y theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management. Unlike, decentralisation of authority is presumed in theory y, which involves. Mcgregor promoted theory y as the basis of good management practice, pioneering the argument that workers are not merely cogs in the company machinery, as theory xtype organizations seemed to believe. It depends on the behavior and characteristics of workers whether they act engaged and productive in the workplace. His theory theory y and theory x are theories of human motivation that have been used for human resource management, organizational behaviour and organizational development.
Managements action of motivating human beings in the organization, according to mcgregor, involves certain assumptions, generalizations and hypothesis relating to human behavior and human nature. Given the drawbacks of theory x, mcgregor developed an alternative theory of human behavior called theory y. He summarized the findings of the hawthorn experiment by introducing both theory x and theory y. Theory x and theory y theory x and y comparison theory y theories in the 21st century the average theory y manager makes an effort theory x and y are often studied as a prelude to developing a better understanding towards management concepts applies self control and self. David mcclelland and his associates proposed mcclellands theory of needs achievement motivation theory.
Social psychologist mcgregors theoryx and theoryyof mit expounded two contrasting theories on human motivation and management in the 1960s. Aug 21, 2015 this article describes the theory x and theory y of douglas mcgregor. Theory y workers were characterised by mcgregor as. Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and. After reading you will understand the background and the practical basics of these leadership styles.
He is best known for his development of the theory x and theory y, a leadership theory on two different leadership styles. Theory x and theory y business diagram authorstream. People will exercise selfdirection and selfcontrol if they are committed to the objectives. Mcclellands theory of needs management study guide. The relationship between mcgregors xy theory management. In actual practice, most managers today practice a combination of. As long as you have the definitions memorized and can remember x is bad and y is good, you will do well on any related exam questions. Jul 08, 2017 theory x is characterised by tight external control on the employees, whereas theory y features leniency in control. In 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees. Application of theory x and y in classroom management by.
Theory x and theory y are theories of human work motivation and management. In 1960, douglas mcgregor developed a leadership theory mcgregor theory x and theory y about organization and management in which he represented two opposing perceptions about people. Douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous x y theory in his 1960 book the human side of enterprise. Theory x and theory y theory x and y comparison theory y theories in the 21st century the average theory y manager makes an effort theory x and y are often studied as. Most managers will likely use a mixture of theory x and theory y. Theory x, theory y, and theory z introduction to business.
These theories focus on management skillsboth theories describe attributes of mangers. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit sloan school of management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s. Pdf theory x and theory y type leadership behavior and. Under this theory, the employees are highly selfmotivated, and they need little encouragement from upper management to deliver quality results on a day to day basis.
Dogan unlucan mcgregor theories x and theory y student. The concept of theory x and theory y was developed by social psychologist douglas mcgregor. Theory xtype organizations work on a carrot and stick basis, and performance assessment is part of the overall mechanism of control and compensation. It is one of four important motivation theories you will need to know for the exam. Professor douglas mcgregor highlighted that there is a significant relationship between motivation and leadership among people.
He referred to these opposing motivational theories as theory x and theory y. Mcgregors ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. You must be wondering what these notions revolve around. Theory x and theory y team management training from. Need for achievement is the urge to excel, to accomplish in relation to a set of standards, to struggle to achieve success. Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and while more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, mcgregors xy theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive. Douglas mcgregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour. Ppt theory x and y powerpoint presentation free to view. Motivation, theory x and y, classroom, management manager and organisation introduction douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous theory x and y in his book the human side of enterprise in 1960. Theory x percieves employees to be lazy, irresponsible and untrustworthy, while according to theory y employees are approached as one of the most valuable assets of the company. Jun, 2017 i hope you learned a little more about mcgregors theory x and theory y. Older, strictly hierarchical conceptions of c2, with narrow centralization of decision rights, highly constrained patterns of interaction, and limited information distribution tend to arise from cultural and organizational assumptions compatible with theory x.
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